pkh/src/deb/local.rs

/// Local binary package building
/// Directly calling 'debian/rules' in current context
use crate::context::{Context, ContextCommand, LineSink};
use crate::deb::{Phase, enter_phase, find_dsc_file};
use crate::logfmt::QuiltClassifier;
use crate::report::BuildView;
use log::warn;
use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet, HashMap};
use std::error::Error;
use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
use std::sync::Arc;

use crate::apt;
use crate::deb::cross;
use crate::debian::control::ControlInfo;
use crate::debian::deps::{Deps, Facts, ParseOpts, PkgRelation};

/// Attach the capture sink to a command when the live UI is active
fn cap<'a>(
    cmd: &'a mut ContextCommand<'a>,
    sink: &Option<Arc<dyn LineSink>>,
) -> &'a mut ContextCommand<'a> {
    if let Some(s) = sink {
        cmd.capture(s.clone());
    }
    cmd
}

#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
pub async fn build(
    package: &str,
    version: &str,
    arch: &str,
    series: &str,
    pocket: Option<&str>,
    build_root: &str,
    package_dir: &Path,
    cross: bool,
    ppa: &[String],
    inject_packages: &[String],
    ctx: Arc<Context>,
    view: &dyn BuildView,
    jobs: Option<usize>,
) -> Result<Vec<PathBuf>, Box<dyn Error>> {
    let sink: Option<Arc<dyn LineSink>> = view.sink();

    // Environment
    let mut env = HashMap::<String, String>::new();
    env.insert("LANG".to_string(), "C".to_string());
    env.insert("DEBIAN_FRONTEND".to_string(), "noninteractive".to_string());

    // Parallel building: honor an explicit -j/--jobs count, otherwise detect
    // the number of cores available inside the build context (nproc).
    let num_cores = match jobs {
        Some(j) => j,
        None => ctx
            .command("nproc")
            .output()
            .map(|output| {
                if output.status.success() {
                    String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout)
                        .trim()
                        .parse::<usize>()
                        .unwrap_or(1)
                } else {
                    1 // Default to 1 if nproc fails
                }
            })
            .unwrap_or(1), // Default to 1 if we can't execute the command
    };

    // Build options: parallel, disable tests by default
    env.insert(
        "DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS".to_string(),
        format!("parallel={} nocheck", num_cores),
    );

    if cross {
        log::debug!("Setting up environment for local cross build...");
        cross::setup_environment(&mut env, arch, ctx.clone())?;
        cross::ensure_repositories(arch, series, pocket, ctx.clone())?;
    }

    let mut sources = apt::sources::load(Some(ctx.clone()))?;
    let mut modified = false;
    let mut added_ppas: Vec<(&str, &str)> = Vec::new();

    // Add PPA repositories if specified
    for ppa_str in ppa {
        let (ppa_user, ppa_name) = crate::package_info::split_ppa(ppa_str)?;
        let base_url = crate::package_info::ppa_to_base_url(ppa_user, ppa_name);

        // Add new PPA source if not found
        if !sources.iter().any(|s| s.uri.contains(&base_url)) {
            // Get host and target architectures
            let host_arch = crate::get_current_arch();
            let target_arch = arch;

            // Create architectures list with both host and target if different
            let mut architectures = vec![host_arch.clone()];
            if host_arch != *target_arch {
                architectures.push(target_arch.to_string());
            }

            // Create suite list with all Ubuntu series
            let suites = vec![series.to_string()];

            let new_source = crate::apt::sources::SourceEntry {
                enabled: true,
                kind: crate::apt::sources::SourceKind::Deb,
                components: vec!["main".to_string()],
                architectures: architectures.clone(),
                signed_by: None,
                trusted: None,
                suite: suites,
                uri: base_url,
                // No origin: saved to the pkh-owned added-sources file
                origin: None,
            };
            sources.push(new_source);
            modified = true;
            added_ppas.push((ppa_user, ppa_name));
            log::info!(
                "Added PPA: {} for series {} with architectures {:?}",
                ppa_str,
                series,
                architectures
            );
        }
    }

    // UBUNTU: Ensure the 'universe' component is enabled on official
    // Ubuntu sources (many build dependencies live there). The old
    // `uri.contains("ubuntu")` gate also caught third-party repositories
    // whose URL merely mentions Ubuntu; the mirror-data check leaves them
    // alone. 'universe' is only added when Ubuntu's component list still
    // carries it.
    let ubuntu_components = crate::distro_info::get_dist_components("ubuntu")?;
    if ubuntu_components.iter().any(|c| c == "universe") {
        for source in &mut sources {
            if crate::distro_info::is_official_source("ubuntu", &source.uri)
                && !source.components.contains(&"universe".to_string())
            {
                source.components.push("universe".to_string());
                modified = true;
            }
        }
    }

    // Enable the requested pocket on archive sources, so build-dependencies
    // are resolved from that pocket
    if let Some(pocket_name) = pocket {
        let pocket_suite = format!("{series}-{pocket_name}");
        log::info!("Enabling pocket '{}' for build dependencies", pocket_suite);
        for source in &mut sources {
            if crate::deb::is_archive_source(&source.uri) && !source.suite.contains(&pocket_suite) {
                source.suite.push(pocket_suite.clone());
                modified = true;
            }
        }

        // 'proposed' pockets are marked 'NotAutomatic' in their Release file,
        // giving them an apt priority of 1: without an explicit pin, apt
        // would ignore them even when enabled
        if pocket_name.starts_with("proposed") {
            pin_pocket(&pocket_suite, &ctx)?;
        }
    }

    if modified {
        // Each entry is written back to its origin file in its own format;
        // new PPA entries go to the pkh-owned added-sources file
        apt::sources::save(Some(ctx.clone()), sources)?;

        // Download and import PPA keys for all added PPAs
        for (user, ppa_name) in added_ppas {
            if let Err(e) =
                crate::apt::keyring::download_trust_ppa_key(Some(ctx.clone()), user, ppa_name).await
            {
                warn!(
                    "Failed to download PPA key for {}/{}: {}",
                    user, ppa_name, e
                );
            }
        }
    }

    // Update package lists
    log::debug!("Updating package lists for local build...");
    enter_phase(view, Phase::UpdatingPackageLists);
    let status = cap(
        ctx.command("apt-get").envs(env.clone()).arg("update"),
        &sink,
    )
    .status()
    .map_err(|e| {
        format!(
            "Failed to run 'apt-get update' inside the build context: {}. \
                 If this is a local build, make sure apt-get is available and \
                 try executing with sudo.",
            e
        )
    })?;
    if !status.success() {
        return Err("apt-get update failed inside the build context. \
             If this is a local build, try executing with sudo, \
             or re-run with RUST_LOG=debug for more details."
            .into());
    }

    // Install essential packages
    log::debug!("Installing essential packages for local build...");
    let mut cmd = ctx.command("apt-get");

    cmd.envs(env.clone())
        .arg("-y")
        .arg("install")
        .arg("build-essential")
        .arg("dose-builddebcheck")
        .arg("fakeroot");
    if cross {
        cmd.arg(format!("crossbuild-essential-{arch}"));
        cmd.arg(format!("libc6-{arch}-cross"));
        cmd.arg(format!("libc6-dev-{arch}-cross"));
        cmd.arg("dpkg-cross");
        cmd.arg(format!("libc6:{arch}"));
        cmd.arg(format!("libc6-dev:{arch}"));
    }
    enter_phase(view, Phase::InstallingEssentials);
    let status = cap(&mut cmd, &sink).status()?;
    if !status.success() {
        return Err("Could not install essential packages for the build".into());
    }

    // The package directory was resolved by the caller (the staged copy of
    // the tree the user pointed at, or the name-pattern search fallback)
    let package_dir_str = package_dir
        .to_str()
        .ok_or("Invalid package directory path")?;

    // Reproducibility: export SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH from the changelog entry,
    // like dpkg-buildpackage does.
    match ctx.read_file(&package_dir.join("debian/changelog")) {
        Ok(content) => {
            if let Ok(entry) = crate::debian::parse_changelog_entry_from_str(&content) {
                env.insert("SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH".to_string(), entry.timestamp.to_string());
            }
        }
        Err(e) => log::debug!("cannot read changelog for SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH: {}", e),
    }

    // Apply quilt patches if the package provides a patch series
    apply_quilt_patches(package_dir_str, &env, ctx.clone(), view, &sink)?;

    // Install injected packages if specified
    if !inject_packages.is_empty() {
        install_injected_packages(inject_packages, &env, ctx.clone(), view, &sink)?;
    }

    // Resolve and install the Build-* dependencies with dpkg's cross
    // semantics; this replaces the historical `apt-get build-dep` passes,
    // whose `--host-architecture` resolution cannot express the
    // Multi-Arch-aware variant choice dpkg's checker requires.
    install_build_dependencies(
        package,
        version,
        arch,
        series,
        package_dir_str,
        build_root,
        cross,
        &env,
        ctx.clone(),
        view,
        &sink,
    )?;

    // Run the build step
    log::debug!("Building (debian/rules build) package...");
    enter_phase(view, Phase::Building);
    let status = cap(
        ctx.command("debian/rules")
            .current_dir(package_dir_str)
            .envs(env.clone())
            .arg("build"),
        &sink,
    )
    .status()?;
    if !status.success() {
        return Err("Error while building the package".into());
    }

    // Run the 'binary' step to produce deb
    enter_phase(view, Phase::ProducingBinaries);
    let status = cap(
        ctx.command("fakeroot")
            .current_dir(package_dir_str)
            .envs(env.clone())
            .arg("debian/rules")
            .arg("binary"),
        &sink,
    )
    .status()?;
    if !status.success() {
        return Err(
            "Error while building the binary artifacts (.deb) from the built package".into(),
        );
    }

    // Collect the exact set of artifacts produced by this build so the caller
    // retrieves only those: the binary packages registered in debian/files
    // (the contract between dh_builddeb/dpkg-gencontrol and the artifact
    // generators) plus the .buildinfo/.changes generated below. This avoids
    // globbing the build root, which would also surface stale files copied
    // alongside the package tree.
    let mut artifacts = collect_binary_artifacts(&ctx, package_dir_str, build_root)?;

    // Generate the upload metadata (.buildinfo + .changes) natively, the
    // equivalent of dpkg-genbuildinfo -b + dpkg-genchanges -b, consuming
    // debian/files produced by the build. Failures are logged but do not
    // discard the produced binaries.
    match generate_upload_metadata(package_dir_str, build_root, arch, cross, &env, &ctx) {
        Ok((buildinfo, changes)) => {
            log::info!(
                "generated upload metadata: {} and {}",
                buildinfo.display(),
                changes.display()
            );
            artifacts.push(buildinfo);
            artifacts.push(changes);
        }
        Err(e) => {
            warn!("failed to generate .buildinfo/.changes: {}", e);
        }
    }

    Ok(artifacts)
}

/// One candidate binary package for a dependency name, as reported by
/// `apt-cache show`.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct Candidate {
    /// Debian architecture of the candidate (`amd64`, `arm64`, `all`, ...).
    arch: String,
    /// Multi-Arch attribute; an absent field means `no`.
    multiarch: String,
}

/// Pure core of the install strategy: the apt install specification that
/// satisfies `rel` among the `candidates` available for its package name.
///
/// The mapping reproduces the dpkg cross semantics that
/// [`crate::debian::deps`] evaluates against (`Dpkg::Deps::KnownFacts
/// _find_package`), preferring the runnable build-architecture variant
/// whenever dpkg's rules accept several:
///
/// - unqualified: a `Multi-Arch: foreign` build-architecture candidate
///   (tools: the variant that runs on the build machine), then the
///   host-architecture candidate (the variant dpkg checks unqualified
///   dependencies against), then an `Architecture: all` candidate. A
///   foreign-arch candidate of a non-foreign package satisfies nothing in
///   cross mode — installing it would diverge from the checker;
/// - `:native`: the build-architecture candidate (`Architecture: all`
///   accepted); a `Multi-Arch: foreign` candidate aborts the lookup,
///   like dpkg's checker;
/// - `:any`: a `Multi-Arch: allowed` candidate, host architecture first;
/// - explicit `:arch`: exactly that candidate;
/// - a name with no candidate at all is passed through unqualified, so
///   apt resolves virtual packages (`debhelper-compat`, dbus session
///   alternatives, ...) to a satisfying provider.
///
/// `None` when no candidate can satisfy the relation per dpkg semantics:
/// the caller falls through to the next alternative of the clause.
fn install_spec_for(
    rel: &PkgRelation,
    candidates: &[Candidate],
    build_arch: &str,
    host_arch: &str,
) -> Option<String> {
    let qualified = |arch: &str| format!("{}:{}", rel.package, arch);
    match rel.arch_qualifier.as_deref() {
        Some("native") => {
            if candidates
                .iter()
                .any(|c| c.arch == build_arch && c.multiarch == "foreign")
            {
                return None;
            }
            candidates
                .iter()
                .find(|c| c.arch == build_arch)
                .map(|_| qualified(build_arch))
                .or_else(|| {
                    candidates
                        .iter()
                        .find(|c| c.arch == "all")
                        .map(|_| rel.package.clone())
                })
        }
        Some("any") => candidates
            .iter()
            .filter(|c| c.multiarch == "allowed")
            .find(|c| c.arch == host_arch)
            .or_else(|| candidates.iter().find(|c| c.multiarch == "allowed"))
            .map(|c| qualified(&c.arch)),
        Some(qual) => candidates
            .iter()
            .find(|c| c.arch == qual)
            .map(|_| qualified(qual)),
        None => {
            if candidates.is_empty() {
                return Some(rel.package.clone());
            }
            candidates
                .iter()
                .find(|c| c.arch == build_arch && c.multiarch == "foreign")
                .map(|_| qualified(build_arch))
                .or_else(|| {
                    candidates
                        .iter()
                        .find(|c| c.arch == host_arch)
                        .map(|_| qualified(host_arch))
                })
                .or_else(|| {
                    candidates
                        .iter()
                        .find(|c| c.arch == "all")
                        .map(|_| rel.package.clone())
                })
        }
    }
}

/// Pure core of the resolver loop: the next batch of install
/// specifications, one alternative per still-unsatisfied clause,
/// advancing each clause's cursor past the alternatives that no candidate
/// can satisfy per dpkg semantics.
fn next_install_pass(
    clauses: &[Vec<PkgRelation>],
    unsatisfied: &[usize],
    cursors: &mut [usize],
    candidates: &BTreeMap<String, Vec<Candidate>>,
    build_arch: &str,
    host_arch: &str,
) -> Vec<String> {
    let mut specs = Vec::new();
    for &i in unsatisfied {
        let empty = Vec::new();
        while cursors[i] < clauses[i].len() {
            let rel = &clauses[i][cursors[i]];
            let cands = candidates.get(&rel.package).unwrap_or(&empty);
            let spec = install_spec_for(rel, cands, build_arch, host_arch);
            cursors[i] += 1;
            if let Some(spec) = spec {
                specs.push(spec);
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    specs
}

/// Query the candidates available in the build context for `names`: one
/// entry per (package, architecture). The plain name surfaces the
/// build-architecture and `all` candidates; the host-qualified name is
/// what surfaces foreign-arch candidates. Names missing from the indexes
/// and virtual names simply produce no stanza.
fn query_candidates(
    ctx: &Arc<Context>,
    names: &[String],
    build_arch: &str,
    host_arch: &str,
) -> BTreeMap<String, Vec<Candidate>> {
    let mut query: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
    for name in names {
        query.push(name.clone());
        if host_arch != build_arch {
            query.push(format!("{name}:{host_arch}"));
        }
    }
    let Ok(output) = ctx.command("apt-cache").arg("show").args(&query).output() else {
        return BTreeMap::new();
    };

    let mut map: BTreeMap<String, Vec<Candidate>> = BTreeMap::new();
    for para in crate::debian::control::parse_paragraphs(&String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout)) {
        let Some(name) = para.get("Package") else {
            continue;
        };
        let Some(arch) = para.get("Architecture") else {
            continue;
        };
        let entry = map.entry(name.to_string()).or_default();
        if entry.iter().any(|c| c.arch == arch) {
            continue;
        }
        entry.push(Candidate {
            arch: arch.to_string(),
            multiarch: para.get("Multi-Arch").unwrap_or("no").to_string(),
        });
    }
    map
}

/// Build architecture inside the build context.
fn context_build_arch(ctx: &Arc<Context>) -> String {
    ctx.command("dpkg")
        .arg("--print-architecture")
        .output()
        .ok()
        .filter(|o| o.status.success())
        .map(|o| String::from_utf8_lossy(&o.stdout).trim().to_string())
        .filter(|s| !s.is_empty())
        .unwrap_or_else(crate::get_current_arch)
}

/// Active build profiles for the dependency evaluation: what the build
/// steps run with (`DEB_BUILD_PROFILES`, set to `cross` for cross
/// builds), else the vendor defaults.
fn build_profiles_for(env: &HashMap<String, String>, ctx: &Arc<Context>) -> Vec<String> {
    match env.get("DEB_BUILD_PROFILES") {
        Some(value) => value
            .split(',')
            .map(|p| p.trim().to_string())
            .filter(|p| !p.is_empty())
            .collect(),
        None => {
            let vendor = ctx
                .read_file(Path::new("/etc/dpkg/origins/default"))
                .ok()
                .and_then(|content| crate::build::env::vendor_from_origins_content(&content))
                .unwrap_or_else(crate::build::env::current_vendor);
            crate::build::env::resolve_build_profiles(&[], &vendor)
        }
    }
}

/// Installed-package facts inside the build context. An unreadable status
/// database (fresh chroot) yields empty facts: everything declared then
/// installs.
fn load_context_facts(ctx: &Arc<Context>, build_arch: &str, host_arch: &str) -> Facts {
    match ctx.read_file(Path::new("/var/lib/dpkg/status")) {
        Ok(content) => Facts::from_status(&content, host_arch, build_arch),
        Err(e) => {
            log::debug!("cannot read the context dpkg status: {e}");
            Facts::new(host_arch, build_arch)
        }
    }
}

/// Resolve and install the Build-* dependencies with dpkg's cross
/// semantics: the clauses of `debian/control` are evaluated natively (the
/// `crate::debian::deps` `dpkg-checkbuilddeps` equivalent) against the
/// context's installed-package state, and the unsatisfied ones install
/// through explicitly architecture-qualified names.
///
/// Build conflicts abort before anything installs. The loop installs one
/// alternative per still-unsatisfied clause per apt transaction and
/// re-evaluates after each; a clause whose alternatives no candidate can
/// satisfy per dpkg semantics aborts the build. On failure the dose3
/// diagnosis runs, like the historical `build-dep` passes.
#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
fn install_build_dependencies(
    package: &str,
    version: &str,
    arch: &str,
    series: &str,
    package_dir: &str,
    build_root: &str,
    cross: bool,
    env: &HashMap<String, String>,
    ctx: Arc<Context>,
    view: &dyn BuildView,
    sink: &Option<Arc<dyn LineSink>>,
) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
    enter_phase(view, Phase::InstallingBuildDeps);

    let host_arch = arch.to_string();
    let build_arch = context_build_arch(&ctx);
    let profiles = build_profiles_for(env, &ctx);

    let control_content = ctx
        .read_file(&Path::new(package_dir).join("debian/control"))
        .map_err(|e| format!("cannot read debian/control: {e}"))?;
    let control = ControlInfo::parse_content(&control_content)
        .map_err(|e| format!("invalid debian/control in {package_dir}: {e}"))?;
    let source = &control.source;
    let deps_value = ["Build-Depends", "Build-Depends-Arch", "Build-Depends-Indep"]
        .iter()
        .filter_map(|f| source.get(f))
        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
        .join(", ");
    let conflicts_value = [
        "Build-Conflicts",
        "Build-Conflicts-Arch",
        "Build-Conflicts-Indep",
    ]
    .iter()
    .filter_map(|f| source.get(f))
    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
    .join(", ");
    if deps_value.trim().is_empty() && conflicts_value.trim().is_empty() {
        return Ok(());
    }

    let parse_opts = ParseOpts {
        host_arch: host_arch.clone(),
        build_arch: build_arch.clone(),
        build_profiles: profiles,
        reduce_restrictions: true,
        union: false,
        build_dep: true,
    };
    let mut clauses: Vec<Vec<PkgRelation>> = Deps::parse(&deps_value, &parse_opts)?
        .clauses()
        .map(<[PkgRelation]>::to_vec)
        .collect();
    // Package-specific workarounds (see data/quirks.yml), before anything
    // derives candidate queries or install specs from the clauses.
    crate::quirks::apply_dependency_quirks(package, series, &mut clauses, &parse_opts)?;
    let conflict_clauses: Vec<Vec<PkgRelation>> = if conflicts_value.trim().is_empty() {
        Vec::new()
    } else {
        let union_opts = ParseOpts {
            union: true,
            ..parse_opts.clone()
        };
        Deps::parse(&conflicts_value, &union_opts)?
            .clauses()
            .map(<[PkgRelation]>::to_vec)
            .collect()
    };

    let names: Vec<String> = clauses
        .iter()
        .chain(conflict_clauses.iter())
        .flatten()
        .map(|rel| rel.package.clone())
        .collect::<BTreeSet<_>>()
        .into_iter()
        .collect();
    let candidates = query_candidates(&ctx, &names, &build_arch, &host_arch);

    let mut cursors = vec![0usize; clauses.len()];
    loop {
        let facts = load_context_facts(&ctx, &build_arch, &host_arch);

        // Build conflicts use the same lookup as dependencies in dpkg's
        // checker: a satisfied conflict clause aborts before anything
        // installs.
        let mut violated = Vec::new();
        for alternatives in &conflict_clauses {
            for rel in alternatives {
                if facts.evaluate_relation(rel) == Some(true) {
                    violated.push(rel.output());
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        if !violated.is_empty() {
            view.suspend();
            if let Err(e) =
                dose3_explain_dependencies(package, version, arch, build_root, cross, ctx.clone())
            {
                log::debug!("dose-builddebcheck diagnosis failed: {e}");
            }
            return Err(format!(
                "build dependencies conflict with installed packages: {}",
                violated.join(", ")
            )
            .into());
        }

        let unsatisfied: Vec<usize> = (0..clauses.len())
            .filter(|&i| {
                !clauses[i]
                    .iter()
                    .any(|rel| facts.evaluate_relation(rel) == Some(true))
            })
            .collect();
        if unsatisfied.is_empty() {
            return Ok(());
        }

        let specs = next_install_pass(
            &clauses,
            &unsatisfied,
            &mut cursors,
            &candidates,
            &build_arch,
            &host_arch,
        );
        if specs.is_empty() {
            view.suspend();
            if let Err(e) =
                dose3_explain_dependencies(package, version, arch, build_root, cross, ctx.clone())
            {
                log::debug!("dose-builddebcheck diagnosis failed: {e}");
            }
            let remaining: Vec<String> = unsatisfied
                .iter()
                .map(|&i| {
                    clauses[i]
                        .iter()
                        .map(PkgRelation::output)
                        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
                        .join(" | ")
                })
                .collect();
            return Err(format!(
                "Could not satisfy build dependencies per dpkg cross semantics: {}",
                remaining.join(", ")
            )
            .into());
        }

        log::debug!("Installing build dependencies: {:?}", specs);
        let mut cmd = ctx.command("apt-get");
        cmd.envs(env.clone()).arg("-y").arg("install");
        for spec in &specs {
            cmd.arg(spec);
        }
        let status = cap(&mut cmd, sink).status()?;
        if !status.success() {
            view.suspend();
            // Diagnosing a dependency failure the user interrupted themselves
            // is wasted work
            if !crate::interrupt::interrupted()
                && let Err(e) = dose3_explain_dependencies(
                    package,
                    version,
                    arch,
                    build_root,
                    cross,
                    ctx.clone(),
                )
            {
                log::debug!("dose-builddebcheck diagnosis failed: {e}");
            }
            return Err(format!(
                "Could not install build-dependencies for the build: {}",
                specs.join(" ")
            )
            .into());
        }
    }
}

/// Collect the binary artifacts (.deb/.udeb) registered by the build in
/// `debian/files`, returning their paths inside the build context
/// (`<build_root>/<filename>`). `debian/files` is the canonical record of
/// which binary packages `debian/rules binary` produced, so we retrieve
/// exactly those instead of globbing the build root (which would also pick
/// up stale files copied alongside the package tree).
fn collect_binary_artifacts(
    ctx: &Arc<Context>,
    package_dir: &str,
    build_root: &str,
) -> Result<Vec<PathBuf>, Box<dyn Error>> {
    let files_content = ctx
        .read_file(&Path::new(package_dir).join("debian/files"))
        .unwrap_or_default();
    let files_list = crate::debian::FilesList::parse(&files_content)
        .map_err(|e| format!("invalid debian/files in {package_dir}: {e}"))?;
    let upload_dir = Path::new(build_root);
    let mut artifacts = Vec::new();
    for entry in files_list.iter() {
        if matches!(entry.package_type.as_deref(), Some("deb") | Some("udeb")) {
            artifacts.push(upload_dir.join(&entry.filename));
        }
    }
    Ok(artifacts)
}

/// Generate `.buildinfo` and `.changes` for the finished binary build,
/// inside the build context.
fn generate_upload_metadata(
    package_dir: &str,
    build_root: &str,
    arch: &str,
    cross: bool,
    env: &HashMap<String, String>,
    ctx: &Arc<Context>,
) -> Result<(PathBuf, PathBuf), Box<dyn Error>> {
    // Build architecture: the machine inside the build context.
    let build_arch = ctx
        .command("dpkg")
        .arg("--print-architecture")
        .output()
        .ok()
        .filter(|o| o.status.success())
        .map(|o| String::from_utf8_lossy(&o.stdout).trim().to_string())
        .filter(|s| !s.is_empty())
        .unwrap_or_else(crate::get_current_arch);
    let host_arch = if cross {
        arch.to_string()
    } else {
        build_arch.clone()
    };

    // Vendor resolution inside the context (falls back to the host view);
    // shared `Vendor:`/`Origin:` parsing with the source-build path.
    let vendor = ctx
        .read_file(Path::new("/etc/dpkg/origins/default"))
        .ok()
        .and_then(|content| crate::build::env::vendor_from_origins_content(&content))
        .unwrap_or_else(crate::build::env::current_vendor);

    // The recorded profiles must describe what the build actually ran with:
    // the DEB_BUILD_PROFILES exported to the build steps ('cross' for cross
    // builds), else the vendor defaults.
    let profiles = match env.get("DEB_BUILD_PROFILES") {
        Some(value) => value
            .split(',')
            .map(|p| p.trim().to_string())
            .filter(|p| !p.is_empty())
            .collect(),
        None => crate::build::env::resolve_build_profiles(&[], &vendor),
    };

    // Record exactly the environment exported to the build steps
    // (DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS with the real parallel count and 'nocheck', LANG=C,
    // SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH, cross DEB_* variables, ...), not values recomputed
    // from host state; buildinfo_environment filters out non-dpkg variables.
    let exported_env: BTreeMap<String, String> =
        env.iter().map(|(k, v)| (k.clone(), v.clone())).collect();

    let opts = crate::build::binary::BinaryMetadataOptions {
        profiles,
        vendor,
        exported_env,
        build_arch,
        host_arch,
    };
    let (buildinfo, changes) = crate::build::binary::generate_binary_metadata(
        ctx,
        Path::new(package_dir),
        Path::new(build_root),
        &opts,
    )?;
    Ok((buildinfo, changes))
}

/// Apply quilt patches before building, if the package provides a
/// 'debian/patches/series' file
fn apply_quilt_patches(
    package_dir: &str,
    env: &HashMap<String, String>,
    ctx: Arc<Context>,
    view: &dyn BuildView,
    sink: &Option<Arc<dyn LineSink>>,
) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
    let series_path = Path::new(package_dir).join("debian/patches/series");
    if !ctx.exists(&series_path)? {
        log::debug!(
            "No '{}' found, skipping quilt patch application",
            series_path.display()
        );
        return Ok(());
    }

    // Skip patch application if the series file contains no patches
    let series_content = ctx.read_file(&series_path)?;
    let total_patches = series_content
        .lines()
        .filter(|line| !line.trim().is_empty() && !line.trim().starts_with('#'))
        .count();
    let has_patches = total_patches > 0;
    if !has_patches {
        log::debug!(
            "'{}' contains no patches, skipping quilt patch application",
            series_path.display()
        );
        return Ok(());
    }

    // A `single-debian-patch` tree is already patched by construction:
    // `dpkg-source -b` folds the working-tree delta into
    // 'debian/patches/debian-changes' and registers it in the series
    // WITHOUT applying it — the content stays ambient in the working tree
    // (e.g. the vendored rust '.cargo/config.toml'). Raw `quilt push -a`
    // would then refuse the patch ('file already exists'); only dpkg's own
    // patch(1)-based application tolerates that. Since `dpkg-source -b`
    // regenerates the patch from the working tree at source-build time,
    // applying patches is wrong in principle here: skip the step.
    if uses_single_debian_patch(&ctx, Path::new(package_dir)) {
        log::info!(
            "Tree uses single-debian-patch: the working tree already \
             carries the patch content, skipping quilt patch application"
        );
        return Ok(());
    }

    // Make sure quilt is available in the build context
    log::debug!("Installing quilt for patch application...");
    let status = cap(
        ctx.command("apt-get")
            .envs(env.clone())
            .arg("-y")
            .arg("install")
            .arg("quilt"),
        sink,
    )
    .status()?;
    if !status.success() {
        return Err("Could not install 'quilt', required to apply patches".into());
    }

    // Apply all patches listed in the series
    view.phase(
        Phase::ApplyingPatches.label(),
        Box::new(QuiltClassifier::new(total_patches)),
    );
    let mut patch_env = env.clone();
    patch_env.insert("QUILT_PATCHES".to_string(), "debian/patches".to_string());
    let status = cap(
        ctx.command("quilt")
            .current_dir(package_dir)
            .envs(patch_env)
            .arg("push")
            .arg("-a"),
        sink,
    )
    .status()?;
    if !status.success() {
        return Err("Failed to apply quilt patches ('quilt push -a')".into());
    }

    Ok(())
}

/// Whether the source options of the package tree at `package_dir` (inside
/// the build context) declare the `single-debian-patch` mode: either
/// `debian/source/local-options` or `debian/source/options` contains a
/// line whose trimmed content — after stripping a leading `--` long-option
/// dash — is exactly `single-debian-patch` (both spellings exist in the
/// wild). A line merely containing the token as a substring (e.g.
/// `--single-debian-patch-foo`) does not count.
fn uses_single_debian_patch(ctx: &Context, package_dir: &Path) -> bool {
    let local_options = ctx
        .read_file(&package_dir.join("debian/source/local-options"))
        .ok();
    let options = ctx
        .read_file(&package_dir.join("debian/source/options"))
        .ok();
    options_declare_single_debian_patch(local_options.as_deref(), options.as_deref())
}

/// Pure decision core of [`uses_single_debian_patch`]: do the (optional)
/// contents of `debian/source/local-options` / `debian/source/options`
/// declare `single-debian-patch`?
fn options_declare_single_debian_patch(local_options: Option<&str>, options: Option<&str>) -> bool {
    let declares = |content: Option<&str>| {
        content.is_some_and(|content| {
            content.lines().any(|line| {
                let line = line.trim();
                let line = line.strip_prefix("--").unwrap_or(line);
                line == "single-debian-patch"
            })
        })
    };
    declares(local_options) || declares(options)
}

/// Pin a 'NotAutomatic' pocket (e.g. '-proposed') so apt takes it into
/// account during dependency resolution.
///
/// Apt preferences are global: a single 'release' pin matches the pinned
/// suite on every repository carrying it (archive, security and ports),
/// for all architectures, so this also covers cross-builds pulling
/// dependencies from 'ports.ubuntu.com'.
fn pin_pocket(pocket_suite: &str, ctx: &Arc<Context>) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
    let pin_path = format!("/etc/apt/preferences.d/pkh-{}", pocket_suite);
    let pin_content = format!(
        "Package: *\nPin: release a={}\nPin-Priority: 600\n",
        pocket_suite
    );
    log::info!("Pinning pocket '{}' with priority 600", pocket_suite);
    ctx.write_file(Path::new(&pin_path), &pin_content)?;
    Ok(())
}

fn install_injected_packages(
    packages: &[String],
    env: &HashMap<String, String>,
    ctx: Arc<Context>,
    view: &dyn BuildView,
    sink: &Option<Arc<dyn LineSink>>,
) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
    log::info!("Installing injected packages: {:?}", packages);

    enter_phase(view, Phase::InjectingPackages);

    // Separate .deb files from package names
    let mut deb_files: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
    let mut package_names: Vec<&str> = Vec::new();

    for pkg in packages {
        // Check if it's a .deb file path (ends with .deb and exists as a file)
        let pkg_path = Path::new(pkg);
        if pkg.ends_with(".deb") && pkg_path.exists() {
            // Copy the .deb file into the build context
            let dest_root = ctx.create_temp_dir()?;
            let chroot_path = ctx.ensure_available(pkg_path, &dest_root)?;
            log::debug!(
                "Copied .deb file '{}' to chroot path '{}'",
                pkg,
                chroot_path.display()
            );
            deb_files.push(chroot_path.to_string_lossy().to_string());
        } else {
            package_names.push(pkg.as_str());
        }
    }

    // Install .deb files
    if !deb_files.is_empty() || !package_names.is_empty() {
        log::info!("Installing .deb files: {:?}", deb_files);
        let mut cmd = ctx.command("apt-get");
        cmd.envs(env.clone())
            .arg("-y")
            .arg("--allow-downgrades")
            .arg("install");
        // Add the .deb file paths with ./ prefix for apt to recognize them as local files
        for deb_path in &deb_files {
            cmd.arg(format!("./{}", deb_path.trim_start_matches('/')));
        }
        if !package_names.is_empty() {
            cmd.args(&package_names);
        }
        let status = cap(&mut cmd, sink).status()?;
        if !status.success() {
            return Err(format!("Could not install injected packages: {:?}", deb_files).into());
        }
    }

    Ok(())
}

fn dose3_explain_dependencies(
    package: &str,
    version: &str,
    arch: &str,
    build_root: &str,
    cross: bool,
    ctx: Arc<Context>,
) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
    // Construct the list of Packages files
    let mut bg_args = Vec::new();
    let mut cmd = ctx.command("apt-get");
    cmd.arg("indextargets")
        .arg("--format")
        .arg("$(FILENAME)")
        .arg("Created-By: Packages");

    let output = cmd.output()?;
    if output.status.success() {
        let filenames = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout);
        for file in filenames.lines() {
            let file = file.trim();
            if !file.is_empty() {
                bg_args.push(file.to_string());
            }
        }
    }

    // Transform the dsc file into a 'Source' stanza (replacing 'Source' with 'Package')
    // TODO: Remove potential GPG headers/signature
    let dsc_path = find_dsc_file(build_root, package, version, &ctx)?;
    let mut dsc_content = ctx.read_file(&dsc_path)?;
    dsc_content = dsc_content.replace("Source", "Package");
    ctx.write_file(
        Path::new(&format!("{build_root}/dsc-processed")),
        &dsc_content,
    )?;

    // Call dose-builddebcheck
    let local_arch = crate::get_current_arch();
    let mut cmd = ctx.command("dose-builddebcheck");
    cmd.arg("--verbose")
        .arg("--failures")
        .arg("--explain")
        .arg("--summary")
        .arg(format!("--deb-native-arch={}", local_arch));

    if cross {
        cmd.arg(format!("--deb-host-arch={}", arch))
            .arg("--deb-profiles=cross")
            .arg(format!("--deb-foreign-archs={}", arch));
    }

    cmd.args(bg_args).arg(format!("{build_root}/dsc-processed"));
    cmd.status()?;
    Ok(())
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::context::ContextConfig;

    fn cand(arch: &str, ma: &str) -> Candidate {
        Candidate {
            arch: arch.to_string(),
            multiarch: ma.to_string(),
        }
    }

    fn rel(s: &str) -> PkgRelation {
        crate::debian::deps::parse_simple(s, true).unwrap()
    }

    /// Unqualified dependencies install the dpkg-satisfying variant,
    /// preferring the runnable build-architecture one: Multi-Arch:
    /// foreign candidates from the build architecture, then the
    /// host-architecture candidate dpkg checks them against, then
    /// `Architecture: all`. A foreign-arch candidate of a non-foreign
    /// package satisfies nothing in cross mode.
    #[test]
    fn install_spec_unqualified_prefers_runnable_then_host() {
        let host = "arm64";
        let build = "amd64";

        let spec = install_spec_for(
            &rel("t"),
            &[cand("amd64", "foreign"), cand("arm64", "same")],
            build,
            host,
        )
        .unwrap();
        assert_eq!(spec, "t:amd64");

        let spec = install_spec_for(
            &rel("t"),
            &[cand("arm64", "same"), cand("amd64", "no")],
            build,
            host,
        )
        .unwrap();
        assert_eq!(spec, "t:arm64");

        assert_eq!(
            install_spec_for(&rel("t"), &[cand("amd64", "no")], build, host),
            None
        );

        let spec = install_spec_for(&rel("t"), &[cand("all", "foreign")], build, host).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(spec, "t");

        // Native builds (host == build): a plain Multi-Arch: no candidate
        // is the host candidate.
        let spec = install_spec_for(&rel("t"), &[cand("amd64", "no")], "amd64", "amd64").unwrap();
        assert_eq!(spec, "t:amd64");
    }

    /// Qualified dependencies install exactly the variant their qualifier
    /// selects per dpkg semantics; virtual names (no candidates) pass
    /// through unqualified for apt to resolve a provider.
    #[test]
    fn install_spec_qualifiers() {
        let host = "arm64";
        let build = "amd64";

        // :native: the build-architecture candidate; an Architecture: all
        // candidate passes under the plain name; a Multi-Arch: foreign
        // candidate aborts the lookup, like dpkg's checker.
        assert_eq!(
            install_spec_for(&rel("t:native"), &[cand("amd64", "no")], build, host).unwrap(),
            "t:amd64"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            install_spec_for(&rel("t:native"), &[cand("all", "no")], build, host).unwrap(),
            "t"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            install_spec_for(&rel("t:native"), &[cand("amd64", "foreign")], build, host),
            None
        );

        // :any: a Multi-Arch: allowed candidate, host first.
        assert_eq!(
            install_spec_for(
                &rel("t:any"),
                &[cand("amd64", "allowed"), cand("arm64", "allowed")],
                build,
                host
            )
            .unwrap(),
            "t:arm64"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            install_spec_for(&rel("t:any"), &[cand("riscv64", "allowed")], build, host).unwrap(),
            "t:riscv64"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            install_spec_for(&rel("t:any"), &[cand("amd64", "same")], build, host),
            None
        );

        // Explicit qualifier: exactly that candidate.
        assert_eq!(
            install_spec_for(&rel("t:arm64"), &[cand("arm64", "same")], build, host).unwrap(),
            "t:arm64"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            install_spec_for(&rel("t:arm64"), &[cand("amd64", "same")], build, host),
            None
        );

        // Virtual package: debhelper-compat and friends.
        assert_eq!(
            install_spec_for(&rel("t (= 13)"), &[], build, host).unwrap(),
            "t"
        );
    }

    /// The resolver loop tries the alternatives of a clause in order,
    /// falling past the ones no candidate can satisfy, and stops
    /// contributing a clause once its alternatives are exhausted.
    #[test]
    fn next_install_pass_falls_through_alternatives() {
        // `a:arm64` has only an amd64 candidate: no candidate satisfies
        // the explicit qualifier, so the clause falls through to `t`.
        let clauses = vec![
            vec![rel("a:arm64"), rel("t")],
            vec![rel("u")],
            vec![rel("v")],
        ];
        let mut candidates = BTreeMap::new();
        candidates.insert("a".to_string(), vec![cand("amd64", "same")]);
        candidates.insert("t".to_string(), vec![cand("arm64", "same")]);
        candidates.insert("v".to_string(), vec![cand("amd64", "foreign")]);
        let mut cursors = vec![0; clauses.len()];

        let host = "arm64";
        let build = "amd64";
        let specs = next_install_pass(&clauses, &[0, 1, 2], &mut cursors, &candidates, build, host);
        assert_eq!(
            specs,
            vec![
                "t:arm64".to_string(),
                "u".to_string(),
                "v:amd64".to_string()
            ]
        );
        assert_eq!(cursors, vec![2, 1, 1]);

        // An exhausted clause contributes nothing; the loop aborts with
        // the remaining clauses when nothing installs any more.
        let specs = next_install_pass(&clauses, &[1], &mut cursors, &candidates, build, host);
        assert!(specs.is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn detector_matches_local_options_options_and_dashed_spellings() {
        // The pkh scaffold spelling: bare token in local-options.
        assert!(options_declare_single_debian_patch(
            Some("single-debian-patch\n"),
            None
        ));
        // The other common spelling in either file: `--`-prefixed.
        assert!(options_declare_single_debian_patch(
            Some("--single-debian-patch\n"),
            None
        ));
        assert!(options_declare_single_debian_patch(
            None,
            Some("--single-debian-patch\n")
        ));
        // Trailing whitespace and blank lines around the token.
        assert!(options_declare_single_debian_patch(
            Some("\n  single-debian-patch  \n"),
            None
        ));
        // Declared in options while local-options carries other options.
        assert!(options_declare_single_debian_patch(
            Some("--extend-diff-ignore='^vendor/'\n"),
            Some("single-debian-patch\n")
        ));
    }

    #[test]
    fn detector_rejects_substrings_empty_and_absent_files() {
        // The token must not match as a substring of another option.
        assert!(!options_declare_single_debian_patch(
            Some("--single-debian-patch-ignore=^foo\n"),
            None
        ));
        assert!(!options_declare_single_debian_patch(
            Some("--no-single-debian-patch\n"),
            Some("single-debian-patching\n")
        ));
        // Absent or empty files: not single-debian-patch.
        assert!(!options_declare_single_debian_patch(None, None));
        assert!(!options_declare_single_debian_patch(Some(""), Some("")));
        // Unrelated content.
        assert!(!options_declare_single_debian_patch(
            Some("--extend-diff-ignore='^vendor/'\n"),
            Some("tar-ignore = .git\n")
        ));
    }

    /// A tree with `single-debian-patch` in its local-options is detected
    /// through the real build-context file access; a tree without the
    /// declaration is not.
    #[test]
    fn detector_on_a_real_tree_through_the_context() {
        let ctx = Context::new(ContextConfig::Local).unwrap();

        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
        let tree = dir.path().join("pkg");
        std::fs::create_dir_all(tree.join("debian/source")).unwrap();
        std::fs::write(
            tree.join("debian/source/local-options"),
            "single-debian-patch\n",
        )
        .unwrap();
        assert!(uses_single_debian_patch(&ctx, &tree));

        // No source options at all.
        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
        let tree = dir.path().join("pkg");
        std::fs::create_dir_all(tree.join("debian/source")).unwrap();
        assert!(!uses_single_debian_patch(&ctx, &tree));
    }

    /// Direct call of the patch-application phase on a tree simulating the
    /// `dpkg-source -b` state of a single-debian-patch scaffold:
    /// 'debian-changes' is registered in the series while its content is
    /// already ambient in the working tree (raw `quilt push -a` would
    /// refuse it with 'file already exists'). The phase must skip the
    /// application entirely and succeed.
    #[test]
    fn apply_phase_skips_single_debian_patch_trees() {
        let ctx = Arc::new(Context::new(ContextConfig::Local).unwrap());

        // Dashed spelling through debian/source/options this time.
        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
        let tree = dir.path().join("pkg");
        std::fs::create_dir_all(tree.join("debian/patches")).unwrap();
        std::fs::create_dir_all(tree.join("debian/source")).unwrap();
        // The touched file already carries the patched content: applying
        // the patch would fail ('README' already exists / differs only in
        // the patch's imagination).
        std::fs::write(tree.join("README"), "patched\n").unwrap();
        std::fs::write(
            tree.join("debian/patches/debian-changes"),
            "--- a/README\n+++ b/README\n@@ -1 +1 @@\n-orig\n+patched\n",
        )
        .unwrap();
        std::fs::write(tree.join("debian/patches/series"), "debian-changes\n").unwrap();
        std::fs::write(
            tree.join("debian/source/options"),
            "--single-debian-patch\n",
        )
        .unwrap();

        apply_quilt_patches(
            tree.to_str().unwrap(),
            &HashMap::new(),
            ctx,
            &crate::report::Quiet,
            &None,
        )
        .unwrap();
    }
}