use super::api::{Context, ContextCommand, ContextDriver, LineSink};
use super::shell::shell_quote;
use log::debug;
use std::fs;
use std::io;
use std::os::unix::fs::symlink;
use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};

pub struct UnshareDriver {
    pub path: String,
    pub parent: Option<Arc<super::api::Context>>,
    /// Host-side paths where overlay filesystems are mounted, tracked for cleanup.
    pub overlay_mounts: Mutex<Vec<PathBuf>>,
}

/// Recursively copy a directory and all its contents.
///
/// Symlinks are copied as symlinks (preserving the link target rather than
/// following it), so that dangling links do not abort the copy.
fn copy_dir_recursive(src: &Path, dest: &Path) -> io::Result<()> {
    // Create the destination directory
    std::fs::create_dir_all(dest).map_err(|e| {
        io::Error::new(
            e.kind(),
            format!("Failed to create directory '{}': {}", dest.display(), e),
        )
    })?;

    // Iterate through the source directory
    let read = std::fs::read_dir(src).map_err(|e| {
        io::Error::new(
            e.kind(),
            format!("Failed to read directory '{}': {}", src.display(), e),
        )
    })?;
    for entry in read {
        let entry = entry.map_err(|e| {
            io::Error::new(
                e.kind(),
                format!("Failed to read entry in '{}': {}", src.display(), e),
            )
        })?;
        let src_path = entry.path();
        let dest_path = dest.join(entry.file_name());

        // Handle symlinks explicitly: reproduce the link itself instead of
        // following it. This avoids failing on dangling/absolute symlinks.
        let metadata = match std::fs::symlink_metadata(&src_path) {
            Ok(m) => m,
            Err(e) => {
                return Err(io::Error::new(
                    e.kind(),
                    format!("Failed to read metadata of '{}': {}", src_path.display(), e),
                ));
            }
        };

        // Never ship VCS metadata into the build tree: its presence flips
        // autotools 'building from VCS' detection (see is_vcs_dir_name) and
        // activates maintainer-only regeneration rules requiring tools that
        // are not declared build-dependencies (e.g. help2man).
        if metadata.is_dir() && super::is_vcs_dir_name(&entry.file_name()) {
            continue;
        }

        if metadata.file_type().is_symlink() {
            let target = std::fs::read_link(&src_path).map_err(|e| {
                io::Error::new(
                    e.kind(),
                    format!("Failed to read symlink '{}': {}", src_path.display(), e),
                )
            })?;
            // Remove an existing destination entry (e.g. from a previous attempt)
            let _ = fs::remove_file(&dest_path);
            symlink(&target, &dest_path).map_err(|e| {
                io::Error::new(
                    e.kind(),
                    format!(
                        "Failed to create symlink '{}' -> '{}': {}",
                        dest_path.display(),
                        target.display(),
                        e
                    ),
                )
            })?;
        } else if src_path.is_dir() {
            // Recursively copy subdirectories
            copy_dir_recursive(&src_path, &dest_path)?;
        } else {
            // Copy regular files, preserving the source modification and
            // access times. This is important for autotools/gnulib-based
            // packages (e.g. 'hello' from Debian sid) that ship pre-generated
            // files alongside their prerequisites: if the copy resets the
            // mtime to "now", the prerequisites appear as new as the
            // generated targets and `make` tries to regenerate them using
            // tools (like gperf) that are not declared build-dependencies.
            copy_file_with_times(&src_path, &dest_path)?;
        }
    }

    Ok(())
}

/// Copy a single regular file from `src` to `dest`, preserving the source's
/// modification and access times.
///
/// `std::fs::copy` resets the destination mtime to "now", which breaks
/// timestamp-based build systems (autotools/gnulib) that ship pre-generated
/// files alongside their prerequisites. Restoring the original timestamps
/// prevents `make` from needlessly regenerating those files with tools that
/// may not be installed (e.g. `gperf`).
fn copy_file_with_times(src: &Path, dest: &Path) -> io::Result<()> {
    std::fs::copy(src, dest).map_err(|e| {
        io::Error::new(
            e.kind(),
            format!(
                "Failed to copy '{}' to '{}': {}",
                src.display(),
                dest.display(),
                e
            ),
        )
    })?;

    // Restore the original timestamps on the destination file.
    let metadata = std::fs::metadata(src).map_err(|e| {
        io::Error::new(
            e.kind(),
            format!("Failed to read metadata of '{}': {}", src.display(), e),
        )
    })?;
    let mut times = std::fs::FileTimes::new();
    let mut have_times = false;
    if let Ok(mtime) = metadata.modified() {
        times = times.set_modified(mtime);
        have_times = true;
    }
    if let Ok(atime) = metadata.accessed() {
        times = times.set_accessed(atime);
        have_times = true;
    }
    if have_times && let Ok(dest_file) = std::fs::File::open(dest) {
        let _ = dest_file.set_times(times).map_err(|e| {
            io::Error::new(
                e.kind(),
                format!("Failed to set times on '{}': {}", dest.display(), e),
            )
        });
    }

    Ok(())
}

/// Check whether the overlay filesystem is available on this system.
fn is_overlayfs_available() -> bool {
    let content = std::fs::read_to_string("/proc/filesystems").unwrap_or_default();
    content.contains("overlay\n") || content.contains("overlay\t")
}

impl ContextDriver for UnshareDriver {
    fn ensure_available(&self, src: &Path, dest_root: &str) -> io::Result<PathBuf> {
        // Construct the destination path inside the chroot
        let dest_dir = Path::new(&self.path).join(dest_root.trim_start_matches('/'));

        // Ensure the destination directory exists
        std::fs::create_dir_all(&dest_dir)?;

        // Get the filename from the source path
        let filename = src
            .file_name()
            .ok_or_else(|| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, "Invalid source path"))?;

        // Construct the full destination path
        let dest_path = dest_dir.join(filename);

        // Try overlayfs for directories first — avoids a potentially expensive full copy
        if src.is_dir() && is_overlayfs_available() {
            match self.try_overlay_mount(src, &dest_path) {
                Ok(()) => {
                    debug!(
                        "Mounted overlay for {} at {}",
                        src.display(),
                        dest_path.display()
                    );
                    return Ok(Path::new(dest_root).join(filename));
                }
                Err(e) => {
                    debug!(
                        "Overlay mount failed for '{}', falling back to copy: {}",
                        src.display(),
                        e
                    );
                }
            }
        }

        // Fallback: copy the file or directory into the chroot
        debug!(
            "unshare/ensure_available: copy '{}' to '{}'",
            src.display(),
            dest_dir.display()
        );

        if src.is_dir() {
            copy_dir_recursive(src, &dest_path)?;
            debug!(
                "Copied directory {} to {}",
                src.display(),
                dest_path.display()
            );
        } else {
            copy_file_with_times(src, &dest_path)?;
            debug!("Copied file {} to {}", src.display(), dest_path.display());
        }

        // Return the path as it appears inside the chroot (without the chroot prefix)
        Ok(Path::new(dest_root).join(filename))
    }

    fn cleanup(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
        let mounts = self.overlay_mounts.lock().unwrap();
        for mount_path in mounts.iter() {
            debug!("Unmounting overlay at {}", mount_path.display());
            let is_root = crate::utils::root::is_root().unwrap_or(false);
            let mut cmd = self
                .parent()
                .command(if is_root { "umount" } else { "sudo" });
            if !is_root {
                cmd.arg("umount");
            }
            let status = cmd.arg(mount_path.to_string_lossy().to_string()).status()?;
            if !status.success() {
                log::warn!("Failed to unmount overlay at {}", mount_path.display());
            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    fn retrieve_path(&self, src: &Path, dest: &Path) -> io::Result<()> {
        let host_src = Path::new(&self.path).join(src.to_string_lossy().trim_start_matches('/'));
        self.parent().retrieve_path(&host_src, dest)
    }

    fn list_files(&self, path: &Path) -> io::Result<Vec<PathBuf>> {
        let host_path = Path::new(&self.path).join(path.to_string_lossy().trim_start_matches('/'));
        let host_entries = self.parent().list_files(&host_path)?;

        let mut entries = Vec::new();
        let prefix = Path::new(&self.path);
        for entry in host_entries {
            if let Ok(rel_path) = entry.strip_prefix(prefix) {
                entries.push(Path::new("/").join(rel_path));
            } else {
                entries.push(entry);
            }
        }
        Ok(entries)
    }

    fn run(
        &self,
        program: &str,
        args: &[String],
        env: &[(String, String)],
        cwd: Option<&str>,
    ) -> io::Result<std::process::ExitStatus> {
        self.command(program, args, env, cwd).status()
    }

    fn run_captured(
        &self,
        program: &str,
        args: &[String],
        env: &[(String, String)],
        cwd: Option<&str>,
        sink: Arc<dyn LineSink>,
    ) -> io::Result<std::process::ExitStatus> {
        // Forward the sink to the wrapping command: the parent context driver
        // is responsible for the actual capture (and may chain further, e.g.
        // unshare over ssh).
        let mut cmd = self.command(program, args, env, cwd);
        cmd.capture(sink);
        cmd.status()
    }

    fn run_output(
        &self,
        program: &str,
        args: &[String],
        env: &[(String, String)],
        cwd: Option<&str>,
    ) -> io::Result<std::process::Output> {
        self.command(program, args, env, cwd).output()
    }

    fn create_temp_dir(&self) -> io::Result<String> {
        // Create a temporary directory inside the chroot with unique naming
        let base_timestamp = std::time::SystemTime::now()
            .duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH)
            .unwrap()
            .as_secs();

        let mut attempt = 0;
        loop {
            let work_dir_name = if attempt == 0 {
                format!("pkh-build-{}", base_timestamp)
            } else {
                format!("pkh-build-{}-{}", base_timestamp, attempt)
            };

            let work_dir_inside_chroot = format!("/tmp/{}", work_dir_name);
            let host_path = Path::new(&self.path).join("tmp").join(&work_dir_name);

            // Check if directory already exists
            if host_path.exists() {
                attempt += 1;
                continue;
            }

            // Create the directory on the host filesystem
            std::fs::create_dir_all(&host_path)?;

            debug!(
                "Created work directory: {} (host: {})",
                work_dir_inside_chroot,
                host_path.display()
            );

            // Return the path as it appears inside the chroot
            return Ok(work_dir_inside_chroot);
        }
    }

    fn copy_path(&self, src: &Path, dest: &Path) -> io::Result<()> {
        let host_src = Path::new(&self.path).join(src.to_string_lossy().trim_start_matches('/'));
        let host_dest = Path::new(&self.path).join(dest.to_string_lossy().trim_start_matches('/'));
        self.parent().copy_path(&host_src, &host_dest)
    }

    fn read_file(&self, path: &Path) -> io::Result<String> {
        let host_path = Path::new(&self.path).join(path.to_string_lossy().trim_start_matches('/'));
        self.parent().read_file(&host_path)
    }

    fn write_file(&self, path: &Path, content: &str) -> io::Result<()> {
        let host_path = Path::new(&self.path).join(path.to_string_lossy().trim_start_matches('/'));
        self.parent().write_file(&host_path, content)
    }

    fn exists(&self, path: &Path) -> io::Result<bool> {
        let host_path = Path::new(&self.path).join(path.to_string_lossy().trim_start_matches('/'));
        self.parent().exists(&host_path)
    }
}

impl UnshareDriver {
    fn parent(&self) -> &Context {
        self.parent
            .as_ref()
            .expect("UnshareDriver requires a parent context")
    }

    /// Try to mount `src` as an overlay at `dest_path` inside the chroot.
    ///
    /// On success, the overlay is tracked in `overlay_mounts` for later cleanup.
    /// On failure, the caller should fall back to the copy-based approach.
    fn try_overlay_mount(&self, src: &Path, dest_path: &Path) -> io::Result<()> {
        // Create unique upper/work dirs inside the chroot
        let overlay_base = Path::new(&self.path).join("pkh-overlay");
        let id = std::time::SystemTime::now()
            .duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH)
            .unwrap()
            .as_nanos();
        let upper_dir = overlay_base.join(format!("upper-{}", id));
        let work_dir = overlay_base.join(format!("work-{}", id));

        fs::create_dir_all(&upper_dir)?;
        fs::create_dir_all(&work_dir)?;
        fs::create_dir_all(dest_path)?;

        // Canonicalize the source path so overlayfs can find it reliably
        let src_canonical = src.canonicalize().map_err(|e| {
            io::Error::new(
                e.kind(),
                format!("Failed to canonicalize '{}': {}", src.display(), e),
            )
        })?;

        // Mount overlay from host (requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN, same as bind_mount_proc).
        // Use .output() instead of .status() so that mount errors are captured
        // rather than printed to stderr — the caller will fall back to a copy.
        let is_root = crate::utils::root::is_root().unwrap_or(false);
        let mut cmd = self
            .parent()
            .command(if is_root { "mount" } else { "sudo" });
        if !is_root {
            cmd.arg("mount");
        }
        let output = cmd
            .arg("-t")
            .arg("overlay")
            .arg("overlay")
            .arg("-o")
            .arg(format!(
                "lowerdir={},upperdir={},workdir={}",
                src_canonical.display(),
                upper_dir.display(),
                work_dir.display()
            ))
            .arg(dest_path.to_string_lossy().to_string())
            .output()?;

        if !output.status.success() {
            // Clean up dirs we created
            let _ = fs::remove_dir_all(&upper_dir);
            let _ = fs::remove_dir_all(&work_dir);
            let stderr = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr);
            return Err(io::Error::other(format!(
                "Overlay mount of '{}' at '{}' failed: {}",
                src.display(),
                dest_path.display(),
                stderr.trim()
            )));
        }

        debug!(
            "Overlay-mounted {} at {} (upper: {}, work: {})",
            src.display(),
            dest_path.display(),
            upper_dir.display(),
            work_dir.display()
        );

        // Track for cleanup
        self.overlay_mounts
            .lock()
            .unwrap()
            .push(dest_path.to_path_buf());

        // The overlay exposes the source tree verbatim: strip VCS metadata
        // (e.g. '.git') whose presence would flip autotools 'building from
        // git' detection and activate maintainer-only regeneration rules
        // (see is_vcs_dir_name). Removals land as whiteouts in the upper
        // layer, leaving the lowerdir untouched.
        if let Err(e) = super::prune_vcs_dirs(dest_path) {
            log::warn!(
                "Failed to prune VCS metadata from '{}': {}",
                dest_path.display(),
                e
            );
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    fn command(
        &self,
        program: &str,
        args: &[String],
        env: &[(String, String)],
        cwd: Option<&str>,
    ) -> ContextCommand<'_> {
        let mut cmd = self.parent().command("unshare");

        cmd.envs(env.iter().cloned());

        cmd.arg("--map-user=65536")
            .arg("--map-group=65536")
            .arg("--pid")
            .arg("--ipc")
            .arg("--uts")
            .arg("--user")
            .arg("--cgroup")
            .arg("--map-auto")
            .arg("-r")
            .arg("--mount")
            .arg("--fork")
            .arg("-R")
            .arg(&self.path);

        if let Some(dir) = cwd {
            cmd.arg("-w").arg(dir);
        }

        // Build the bash command: set up /dev/pts and run the program
        // /proc should already be bind-mounted from the host before entering the namespace
        cmd.arg("--")
            .arg("bash")
            .arg("-c")
            .arg(build_namespace_script(program, args));

        cmd
    }
}

/// Build the shell script executed by `bash -c` inside the user namespace:
/// bring up `/dev/pts`, then run `program` with `args`.
///
/// The script is parsed by bash, so the program and every argument are
/// POSIX-shell-quoted (see [`shell_quote`]): quotes, `$`, backticks or
/// whitespace inside them can neither split the command into different
/// words nor trigger expansion. (Previously arguments were wrapped in
/// unescaped double quotes, so a `"` in an argument broke out and
/// `$`/backticks still expanded.)
fn build_namespace_script(program: &str, args: &[String]) -> String {
    let mut script = String::from(
        "mkdir -p /dev/pts; mount -t devpts devpts /dev/pts 2>/dev/null || true; touch /dev/ptmx; mount --bind /dev/pts/ptmx /dev/ptmx 2>/dev/null || true; ",
    );
    script.push_str(&shell_quote(program));
    for arg in args {
        script.push(' ');
        script.push_str(&shell_quote(arg));
    }
    script
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::build_namespace_script;

    fn tail_after_devpts_setup(script: &str) -> &str {
        script
            .rsplit_once("|| true; ")
            .map(|(_, rest)| rest)
            .unwrap()
            .trim_end()
    }

    /// Program and arguments must each be a single, quoted word at the end
    /// of the `/dev/pts` setup script.
    #[test]
    fn script_quotes_program_and_args() {
        let script = build_namespace_script(
            "make",
            &[
                "install".to_string(),
                "a b".to_string(),
                "PREFIX=/opt/my app".to_string(),
            ],
        );
        assert_eq!(
            tail_after_devpts_setup(&script),
            "'make' 'install' 'a b' 'PREFIX=/opt/my app'"
        );
    }

    /// An argument containing a double quote must not break out of the
    /// script (arguments used to be wrapped in unescaped `"`), and `$`/
    /// backticks must stay literal for bash.
    #[test]
    fn script_neutralizes_quotes_and_expansions() {
        let script = build_namespace_script(
            "echo",
            &["$(touch /tmp/pwned) `id` \"; rm -rf /\"".to_string()],
        );
        assert_eq!(
            tail_after_devpts_setup(&script),
            "'echo' '$(touch /tmp/pwned) `id` \"; rm -rf /\"'"
        );
    }

    /// Empty arguments must survive as one empty word (`''`), not vanish.
    #[test]
    fn script_preserves_empty_args() {
        let script = build_namespace_script("prog", &[String::new(), "x".to_string()]);
        assert_eq!(tail_after_devpts_setup(&script), "'prog' '' 'x'");
    }
}