use anyhow::{anyhow, Context, Result};
use nix::mount::{mount, MsFlags};
use std::path::Path;
use tempfile::TempDir;

/// Escape a path for use as an overlayfs mount option value.
///
/// The overlayfs kernel driver uses `,` as its option delimiter and `\` as
/// the escape character (Linux ≥ 5.1, commit 6b2d09a).  A bare comma in a
/// path would silently split the option string at the wrong boundary and
/// produce a cryptic kernel error; a bare backslash would be mis-interpreted
/// as starting an escape sequence.
fn escape_overlay_path(path: &Path) -> Result<String> {
    let s = path.to_str().ok_or_else(|| {
        anyhow!(
            "Overlay path '{}' contains non-UTF-8 characters",
            path.display()
        )
    })?;
    // Backslashes must be escaped before commas to avoid double-escaping.
    Ok(s.replace('\\', "\\\\").replace(',', "\\,"))
}

use crate::cli::Args;

/// Setup all required mounts inside the chroot
/// Returns a TempDir that must be kept alive for the duration of the chroot
pub fn setup_mounts(
    rootfs: &Path,
    bind_paths: &[std::path::PathBuf],
    bind_rw_paths: &[std::path::PathBuf],
    args: &Args,
) -> Result<Vec<TempDir>> {
    // Keep all overlay temp dirs alive
    let mut overlay_temps: Vec<TempDir> = Vec::new();

    // Make all mounts private to avoid propagation to host
    if let Err(e) = mount(
        None::<&str>,
        "/",
        None::<&str>,
        MsFlags::MS_PRIVATE | MsFlags::MS_REC,
        None::<&str>,
    ) {
        eprintln!("Warning: Failed to make mounts private: {}", e);
    }

    // Mount /proc
    mount_proc(rootfs)?;

    // Setup /dev by bind mounting from host
    mount_dev(rootfs)?;

    // Mount /dev/pts
    mount_devpts(rootfs)?;

    // Try to mount /sys (may fail in some environments)
    if let Err(e) = mount_sys(rootfs) {
        eprintln!("Warning: Could not mount /sys: {}", e);
    }

    // Setup overlay mounts for bind paths (read-only via overlay)
    if !args.no_bind {
        for bind_path in bind_paths {
            // Skip if this path is also in bind_rw (bind_rw takes precedence)
            if !bind_rw_paths.contains(bind_path) {
                let temp = setup_overlay(rootfs, bind_path)?;
                overlay_temps.push(temp);
            }
        }
    }

    // Setup read-write bind mounts (these override regular bind for same paths)
    for bind_rw_path in bind_rw_paths {
        setup_bind_rw(rootfs, bind_rw_path)?;
    }

    Ok(overlay_temps)
}

fn mount_proc(rootfs: &Path) -> Result<()> {
    let proc_path = rootfs.join("proc");
    std::fs::create_dir_all(&proc_path)?;

    let flags = MsFlags::MS_NOSUID | MsFlags::MS_NOEXEC | MsFlags::MS_NODEV;

    mount(Some("proc"), &proc_path, Some("proc"), flags, None::<&str>)
        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to mount proc at {}", proc_path.display()))?;

    Ok(())
}

fn mount_sys(rootfs: &Path) -> Result<()> {
    let sys_path = rootfs.join("sys");
    std::fs::create_dir_all(&sys_path)?;

    // Bind mount /sys from host as read-only
    mount(
        Some("/sys"),
        &sys_path,
        None::<&str>,
        MsFlags::MS_BIND | MsFlags::MS_REC,
        None::<&str>,
    )
    .with_context(|| format!("Failed to bind mount sys at {}", sys_path.display()))?;

    // Remount as read-only with full security flags.
    // MS_BIND | MS_REMOUNT does NOT inherit the original mount's flags; every
    // desired flag must be listed explicitly.  /proc uses the same set.
    mount(
        Some(&sys_path),
        &sys_path,
        None::<&str>,
        MsFlags::MS_BIND
            | MsFlags::MS_REMOUNT
            | MsFlags::MS_RDONLY
            | MsFlags::MS_NOSUID
            | MsFlags::MS_NODEV
            | MsFlags::MS_NOEXEC,
        None::<&str>,
    )
    .with_context(|| {
        format!(
            "Failed to remount sys as read-only at {}",
            sys_path.display()
        )
    })?;

    Ok(())
}

fn mount_dev(rootfs: &Path) -> Result<()> {
    let dev_path = rootfs.join("dev");
    std::fs::create_dir_all(&dev_path)?;

    // Bind mount /dev from host
    mount(
        Some("/dev"),
        &dev_path,
        None::<&str>,
        MsFlags::MS_BIND | MsFlags::MS_REC,
        None::<&str>,
    )
    .with_context(|| format!("Failed to bind mount dev at {}", dev_path.display()))?;

    Ok(())
}

fn mount_devpts(rootfs: &Path) -> Result<()> {
    let devpts_path = rootfs.join("dev/pts");
    std::fs::create_dir_all(&devpts_path)?;

    let flags = MsFlags::MS_NOSUID | MsFlags::MS_NOEXEC;

    mount(
        Some("devpts"),
        &devpts_path,
        Some("devpts"),
        flags,
        None::<&str>,
    )
    .with_context(|| format!("Failed to mount devpts at {}", devpts_path.display()))?;

    Ok(())
}

/// Setup overlay mount for workspace directory
/// Returns a TempDir that must be kept alive for the overlay to work
fn setup_overlay(rootfs: &Path, source: &Path) -> Result<TempDir> {
    let basename = source
        .file_name()
        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Invalid bind path"))?
        .to_string_lossy();

    let mount_point = rootfs.join("root").join(basename.as_ref());
    std::fs::create_dir_all(&mount_point)?;

    // Create temp directories for overlay
    let temp_dir = tempfile::tempdir()?;
    let upper_dir = temp_dir.path().join("upper");
    let work_dir = temp_dir.path().join("work");
    std::fs::create_dir_all(&upper_dir)?;
    std::fs::create_dir_all(&work_dir)?;

    // Create overlay mount options
    let lowerdir = source.canonicalize()?;
    let upperdir = upper_dir.canonicalize()?;
    let workdir = work_dir.canonicalize()?;

    let options = format!(
        "lowerdir={},upperdir={},workdir={}",
        escape_overlay_path(&lowerdir)?,
        escape_overlay_path(&upperdir)?,
        escape_overlay_path(&workdir)?,
    );

    mount(
        Some("overlay"),
        &mount_point,
        Some("overlay"),
        MsFlags::empty(),
        Some(options.as_str()),
    )
    .with_context(|| format!("Failed to mount overlay at {}", mount_point.display()))?;

    // Return temp_dir so caller can keep it alive
    Ok(temp_dir)
}

/// Setup read-write bind mount
fn setup_bind_rw(rootfs: &Path, source: &Path) -> Result<()> {
    let basename = source
        .file_name()
        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Invalid bind-rw path"))?
        .to_string_lossy();

    let mount_point = rootfs.join("mnt").join(basename.as_ref());
    std::fs::create_dir_all(&mount_point)?;

    let source = source.canonicalize()?;

    mount(
        Some(&source),
        &mount_point,
        None::<&str>,
        MsFlags::MS_BIND | MsFlags::MS_REC,
        None::<&str>,
    )
    .with_context(|| {
        format!(
            "Failed to bind mount {} at {}",
            source.display(),
            mount_point.display()
        )
    })?;

    Ok(())
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::escape_overlay_path;
    use std::path::Path;

    #[test]
    fn plain_path_unchanged() {
        assert_eq!(
            escape_overlay_path(Path::new("/home/user/project")).unwrap(),
            "/home/user/project"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn comma_in_path_escaped() {
        assert_eq!(
            escape_overlay_path(Path::new("/home/user/my,project")).unwrap(),
            "/home/user/my\\,project"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn backslash_escaped_before_comma() {
        // Backslash must be doubled first so a path like "a\,b" becomes
        // "a\\\,b" and not "a\,b" (which would look like an escaped comma).
        assert_eq!(
            escape_overlay_path(Path::new("/a\\,b")).unwrap(),
            "/a\\\\\\,b"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn multiple_commas_all_escaped() {
        assert_eq!(
            escape_overlay_path(Path::new("/a,b,c")).unwrap(),
            "/a\\,b\\,c"
        );
    }
}